Cedera pada Bahu Terkait Pemberian Vaksin Setelah Vaksinasi COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31282/joti.v7n1.127Kata Kunci:
SIRVA, Nyeri Bahu, Cedera Bahu, Vaksinasi, COVID-19Abstrak
Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration (SIRVA) merupakan sebuah istilah umum yang menggambarkan keluhan nyeri bahu dan keterbatasan rentang gerak yang terjadi dalam 48 jam setelah vaksinasi. Dengan adanya vaksinasi massal akibat pandemi COVID-19, diperkirakan insidensi SIRVA terus meningkat. Gejala SIRVA meliputi nyeri bahu, kekakuan, keterbatasan gerak, dan kelemahan. Patofisiologi SIRVA belum sepenuhnya dipahami, namun diyakini terjadi akibat respons imun yang berlebihan akibat Teknik penyuntikan yang tidak sesuai. Studi sebelumnya mengenai SIRVA menemukan prevalensi SIRVA lebih tinggi pada perempuan. Sampai saat ini, tidak ada metode standar yang ditetapkan untuk menilai SIRVA, namun pencitraan resonansi magnetik (MRI) merupakan pilihan terbaik untuk mendeteksi kelainan terkait SIRVA seperti hematoma, infeksi, edema intraosseous, bursitis subacromial, synovitis, kapsulitis adesiva, tendonitis, dan cedera otot rotator cuff. Terapi farmakologis lini pertama yang dapat diberikan yaitu obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid. Jika tidak terdapat perbaikan, dapat diberikan suntikan kortikosteroid intra-artikular. Selain itu, dapat dilakukan fisioterapi untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot. SIRVA sendiri dapat dicegah dengan memahami anatomi bahu dan teknik penyuntikan yang tepat.
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